(John 20:19- )
6) The Cross as Descending into Hell (1 Peter 3:18-20; Colossians 1:18)
8And being found in appearance as a man, He humbled Himself and became obedient to death— even death on a cross. 9Therefore God exalted Him to the highest place and gave Him the name above all names, 10that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, in heaven and on earth and under the earth,
11and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father. (Philippians 2:8-11)
18And he is the head of the body, the church; he is the beginning and the firstborn from among the dead, so that in everything he might have the said, supremacy. 19For God was pleased to have all his fullness dwell in him, 20and through him to reconcile to himself all things, whether things on earth or things in heaven, by making peace through his blood, shed on the cross. (Colossians 1:18)
7Now to each one of us grace has been given according to the measure of the gift of Christ. 8This is why it says: “When He ascended on high, He led captives away, and gave gifts to men.” 9What does “He ascended” mean, except that He also descendedc to the lower parts of the earth? 10He who descended is the very One who ascended above all the heavens, in order to fill all things. (Ephesians 4:7-10)
The death of Jesus Christ in each of the passages above is tied to the descent into hell (sometimes called "The Harrowing of Hell").
Here is a bit of the thinking on the descent into hell:
The idea of Christ's descent into hell is found in scripture (above) but also in the early church- Hipppolytus (c. 200AD) said, "Therefore as many as Satan swallowed and bound, these the Lord, when he came, loosed from the bonds of death, having bound him who was strong against us, but having set humanity free." Origen (c. 220 AD) "First therefore he bound him at the cross, and thus he has entered his house, that is Hades (infernum), and from there "ascending on high, he led captivity captive." By the fifth century it was seen as an important enough concept to add to the Apostles' Creed and confirmed in 750 AD. But this is a bit of a strange concept. What does it mean? Here are two main ideas:
1) Christ went to hell after he died on the cross and proclaimed his death to those in hell. Some say this meant A) the seal of those doomed there- like a proclamation (Luther/Hodges/1 Peter 4:6) and the conquering of the devil and evil; Some say it B) released the Old Testament saints who were in the realm of the dead until Christ came (Zwingli, Roman Catholic); Others that it C) emptied out hell entirely.
The scriptures are a bit less specific here. For those who think Christ emptied out hell, does that mean that he did that for eternity, or just for those who died before he descended. It seems a stretch to think he eternally emptied out hell on Saturday- and nowhere in scripture or early tradition does it say this. Certainly every knee can bow to the proclamation of Christ's death on the cross.
2) Christ went through hell for us on the cross. Hell is separation from God. Jesus said, "My God, My God why have you forsaken me" (quoting Psalm 22). He bore our sins in his death on the cross. John Calvin interpreted his descent into hell in this way.
3) Some say this is just meant to say that this is just a symbolic way of saying Jesus died and has victory over death and hell. It is true that evil, death, the destruction of his crucifiers, hell and the devil are all conquered by the cross.
4) Some say this just confirms the fact of his really being dead and buried. So in the creed it says, "He was dead and buried, descended into hell." While this is true, this alone misses the scriptural meanings above.
5) Some traditions say he destroyed the power of hell and Satan/the devil. (Acts of Pilate- 311 AD- "Satan, shaking and utterly terrified, spoke to his angels, "Bar the gates, for the Son of Man, God's champion, comes. He comes to lay waste to my Kingdom and devastate my realm. Do not let him pass for he shall take everything he can take, leaving us in ruin"."John 12:31; Col. 2:15
Whether you agree with Calvin that the death of Christ on the cross is "the descent into hell", certainly we can agree that the cross is where Christ bore our sins in his body on the tree (1 Peter 2:24). He became the fulfillment of all the Old Testament sacrifices. It is on the cross that the Lamb of God took away the sins of the world (John 1:29).
The cross is a symbol, therefore of the taking away of our sins, and also the victory over evil (and the devil and hell). The cross is a powerful symbol that good conquers over evil.
Application: Our response to this should be gratitude and praise. Christ went through hell for us so that we would not have to. He paid our price with the infinite value of His death.
Prayer: Thank you God for the cross of Christ- on which He paid my penalty of judgment and hell. Thank you for your victory over death, destruction, evil, and hell that enables me to be free- in this life and the next.
https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/4804590506350529753/8306935298571643703
5) The Cross as a symbol of God's Love (John 3:16; John 15:13; Romans 5:8)
It is possible to sacrifice out of duty or a sense of law. But the love of God seen in the cross is never in doubt. The sacrifice of Christ was not just His calling- but He did it out of love. "For God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten (one and only) Son that whoever believes in Him should not perish but have everlasting life" (John 3:16) God loved us so He sent His Son to die for us that might have life- and come to Him. So when many see the sacrifice of Christ to get us to heaven they see the first proposition of that verse- God so loved us.
For the last several years, this scenario has played out each year. A father rescues his child from dangerous rip currents, but drowns himself in the effort. June 20, 2023 47 year old Christopher Pierce of Alabama was able to save his daughter from the strong current in Panama City Beach, FL but in the effort gave himself. The news said that this "serves as a reminder of the importance of heeding warnings." But I think this misses the point, the father was willing to give himself out of love for his daughter. He did not have to try to rescue his child. We cannot miss the larger point that the cross was the willing sacrifice of Christ for us. Matthew 26:53 records Jesus' saying, "Do you think I cannot call on my Father, and He will at once put at my disposal more than twelve legions of angels?" In other words, Jesus could have escaped- but He remained on the cross willingly. He willed, out of love, His sacrifice for us.
The cross is an example of love- inspiring us to give of ourselves- to sacrifice for others. Jesus spoke about loving your neighbor as yourself and even loving your enemies- but the cross embodied those words. The words of love from Jesus were lived out on the cross. He even said of those crucifying Him, "Father forgive them for they know not what they do." Romans 5:8 says this clearly, "But God demonstrates His love for us in this: While we were still sinners, Christ died for us." It is not that we have great knowledge of God and that saves us. While we still sin, Christ's death still works for us. It is not that we are good- therefore God saves us. It is the grace of God that while we were yet sinners, He still came and died that we might have the opportunity to accept His gift of love and live.
"Herein is love, not that we loved God but that He loved us and gave Himself as a propitiation for our sins" (1 John 4:10).
Jesus Himself described His death on the cross as a gift of love: "Greater love has no one than this: that He lay down His life for His friends" (John 15:13). Jesus saw his death not only as a ransom (Mark 10:45) but also a gift of love. It is ironic that God could turn a terrible torture mechanism (the cross) into a symbol of His love. Most today, when they see the cross do not think of death but of life and the love of God. The cross is the symbol of God's gift of unconditional love- offered to all people- irrespective of what you look like, what you have, where you live, or even what you have done. It is a way to go from selfishness to love. The love of God is the greatest gift- and it is made clear by the cross.
The question is will we leave that gift unopened? Will we not see it or pretend it is irrelevant for me. Years ago I gave my children a trip to Disneyworld. It scraped the bottom of the bank account to send them, but I wanted them to have that experience. I put the note that they were going at the back of the Christmas tree. The children looked at their Christmas gifts and were unimpressed. But they didn't see the note wrapped as a gift in the back. The greatest gift we could possibly have is God's love. It means more than any trip, any thing. He sent His Son because He cares about us. But His Son's rescue out of love is the ultimate fulfilling of that love. The offer of His love is not automatic- we must believe in order to receive it ("Whosoever believes in Him"). This is not mean or unfair. On the contrary, to not appreciate the gift of God's love is indeed mean and unfair. We should accept the gift and believe in the power of it to give us life. Similarly, my children needed to believe that my note that was saying we were going to Disney was valid and would bring joy. We are called to not take God's gift of love for granted but to love Him in return and to want others to know that love- made evident in the cross.
Application: Accept the gift of love. Ask God to make it real for you and to forgive you of your sins. Look for ways to spread that love to others.
Prayer: Your love, O Lord, has the power to change me and to change the world around me. Help me to relish and cherish your love shown in the cross. May your love inspire more love in me.
What wondrous love is this, O my soul, O my soul.
What wondrous love is this O my soul.
What wondrous love is this that caused the Lord of bliss
To bear the dreadful curse for my soul, for my soul
To bear the dreadful curse for my soul!
[The crucifixion Diego Velasquez 1632 Museo del Prado]
Anselm (d. 1109 Cur Deus Homo) was a great expounder of the cross as an example and means of the forgiveness of sins. He expounded well the idea of the Old Testament sacrifice climaxed and fulfilled in Jesus. John Leith rightly says that the church never let this alone be the meaning of the cross. Abelard (1079-1142) found Anselm's view incomplete and legalistic. John Leith said, "For Abelard, the work of Christ was not the bearing of our sins so much as it was a manifestation of the outgoing love of God, which lays hold of us and frees us from slavery to sin and wins for us the true liberty of children of God, so that we do all things out of love rather than fear" (Basic Christian Doctrine p.158). Anselm is more profound...but without Abelard's view the view of the cross is not complete. "This is the truth of the old evangelical way of describing salvation as coming to know Jesus."
The cross as love is sometimes scorned as being too mushy without the substance. But the sacrifice of Christ is motivated by love. The danger is to go to one-sided on this. Grace without obedience is what Bonhoeffer called "cheap grace." Paul in Romans 6:15 asks the rhetorical question, "What then? Shall we sin because we are not under law but under grace? By no means!... You have been set free from sin and have become slaves to righteousness." Love also elicits obedience. Jesus said, "If you love me, you will do what I say." (John 14:15).
This is an introduction to a Holy Week Devotional on the Meaning of the Cross:
Click this link:
https://crossmeaning.blogspot.com/2025/03/7-meanings-of-cross.html
The cross is one of the most cherished symbols and most recognized symbols of Christianity. The Red Cross is a universal symbol of help. The cross is used to mark especially military graves as a reminder of the Christian hope given by the cross. The power of the symbol is seen in its use in exorcisms or as a protective mechanism. But wearing the cross is a form of identifying with the most famous person who died on it- Jesus the Christ. The person of Christ is tied up in the important work that He did while on earth, and centralized upon the giving of Himself on the cross. He spoke often and early in His ministry about His death as a ransom (Mark 10:45), as a sacrifice, as evidence of God's love (John 3:16-18). There are multiple meanings- perhaps- if we believe each meaning is a matter of our perception or incorporation of it- then there are billions of facets of the purpose, definition and efficacy of the cross.
There have been many works about what actually happened on the cross (Amy Jill Levine "Witness at the Cross" or Jim Bishop's classic "The Day Christ Died" or even Raymond Brown's encyclopedic commentaries, or Max Lucado's illustrative "He Chose the Nails" or "Six Hours One Friday"). In these senses- the cross is a reminder of the historicity of the death of Jesus. Roman Senator and historian Tacitus, writing in 60AD speaks of "the surpreme peanlty" given to Christ under Pilate and Tiberius (Josephus, Thallus, Phlegon Lucian of Samsota all refer to Christ being killed on the cross). But the focus on this work is on the biblical interpretations of the cross of Jesus Christ from the standpoint of Christian faith. We can easily go down many rabbit trails and delve deep into different subjects. Some focus on the "Seven Last Words of Jesus."
But for this study we will look at seven New Testament meanings of the cross.
The meanings are deep, varied, freeing, hopeful and inspire gratitude, following, and sacrificial love.
1) Jesus an Example of Suffering (1 Peter 2:21-24)
2) Jesus as our Ransom (Mark 10:45)
3) Jesus the Victorious King Over Death and Evil (Colossians 2:15; 1 Corinthians 15:57)
4) Jesus the Sacrificial Atoner for Our Sins on the Cross (Hebrews 10:10, Col. 2:14; 1 John 4:10)
5) The Cross as a symbol of God's Love (John 3:16; John 15:13; Romans 5:8)
6) The Cross as Descending into Hell (1 Peter 3:16,17; Colossians 1:18)
7) The Cross as the Way to God (1 Peter 1:18; 2 Corinthians 5:18-21)
“Unless the Lord builds the house, the builders labor in vain. Unless the Lord watches over the city, the guards stand watch in vain.”
Psalms 127:1
A little girl was touring some magnificent homes with her grandfather. One was a beautiful sandstone with an intriguing design. But she saw a bright red tile- seemingly out of place in the corner of the house. She thought it weird that such a seemingly perfect house would have such an imperfection. She asked her grandfather about it. He said it was no flaw, but the signature of the famous architect Frank Lloyd Wright who put a red tile with his signature on many works he was pleased with. It was not an imperfection at all, but really part of the identity of the home.
Laura and Brendon you are fearfully and wonderfully made. Today you are remade as the two of you become one. You may look at something in you or in the other and think it is a flaw, but in fact it is GOD’s signature- his thumbprint if you will. The crosses you face- wound you, shape you, but also identify you- as the nail and spear marks identified Jesus to Thomas and others. You both have been through so much already, and you are vowing to go through more together. You have already persevered until this moment. Those events are God’s signature on your life. Do not expect some kind of artificial perfection from each other. But we are not in heaven yet- but we hopefully are growing in grace, in forgiveness, and looking forward to that perfect place where we are made perfect. Yet today we are perfectly imperfect. It is the imperfections that make you beautiful. God, the potter is reshaping you like clay in His hands- molding these imperfections in you and now shaping you together. In some ways your cross is unique. In some ways your cross is a way God identifies you.Do we keep our soul in heaven? Is there any evidence of a soul on earth?
Descartes and others trying to identify the organ of the body that the soul resides in. In the ancient world they talked about "Loving you from the kidneys" Or "Heart and soul." Some pointed to the pituitary gland. Others the hypothalmus. Some leading neurologists have pointed to the mind beyond the brain.
Some say evidence of the soul is found in self-awareness or conscience or even mindfulness. I like to think I know I am the same person I was when I was a baby- though my body has changed. We gain and lose millions of cells each day- but there is a central part of us that keeps going. Perhaps the part that keeps going is our soul?
Scripture points to the idea that we are identified as persons in heaven. In some religions (pantheism and even some panentheism), you become a part of the cosmic soul or "one with the universe" after you die. In such a belief system you lose your identity- which is the point for some- to become "one". Some of these systems of belief say that your identity is an illusion (maya).
But there are some evidences of soul- as identity continuation given in the scriptures. In the Bible there is little if any thought of just merging into one being with God. God is "holy other" and is to be worshiped into eternity- not merged into in eternity. Yet, in heaven we are brought closer- but separately into the presence of God. In heaven our sins do not separate us from God's pleasure and our sinful desires are stopped (in part because our bodily pleasures are stopped).
In the Old Testament (briefly)- Samuel was called back from the dead to Saul (1 Samuel 28). Saul identified Samuel (28:14,15). David's comments on his child's death was "I will go to him, but he will not return to me." He did not say I will join him in his place or his soul, but "I" and "Him". The whole concept of soul "nephesh" is an identity- that God breathes into us (Genesis 2:7). The great words of Job say, "I know that my redeemer lives and that in the end he will stand upon the earth and after my skin has been destroyed, yet in my flesh I will see God; I myself will see Him with my own eyes--I and not another." (19:25,26).
There are many passages in the New Testament about the individual human soul living forever.
The Transfiguration has Moses and Elijah as identifiable individuals coming down to meet with Jesus.
In Luke 16:19-31 (the parable of the poor-Lazarus and rich man-Dives) it speaks of the poor man going to "Abraham's side" (22). The rich man was identifiable in hell (32) and looked up and identified Lazarus and Abraham (23). He had a conversation with Abraham. Certainly this implies identity in heaven. In Revelation the souls of the martyrs are identifiable and Jesus (the Lamb who was slain) was also identifiable. But the bigger evidence is the resurrection of the body that we say we believe in the Apostles Creed. The phrase, "I believe in the resurrection of the body" means the ongoing personality or identity of the soul. Jesus rose from the dead and was identifiable. When he died, individuals rose from the dead (also think Lazarus, Jairus' daughter, Widow of Nain's son- all of whom kept their identity).
You don't have to believe me. But if you want to believe the scriptures- especially the New Testament, then there is clear evidence there of seeing and being with individuals in heaven.
In addition, Near Death Experiences also confirm seeing people as individuals in heaven. These experiences are becoming more and more identifiable with the spread of information on the internet and as people come out about their experience. Lee Stroble's book and movie "The Case for Heaven" about it is a nice summary. Most of the thousands of accounts have people seeing individuals on the other side. This is not just a wishful "now they are united again" kind of thing- though that wish is not in itself necessarily wrong.
Billy Graham talked about his mother's death when she said she saw dead relatives on the other side. When my mother died in 2001, she spoke to her sister who had died in the 1970s, saying, "I'm coming as soon as I can" (over and over). Hospice used to talk about one of the stages of being near death is talking to people on the other side more and more. Hopefully we can get comfort in the fact that we go on- and what we do is valuable- and who we are is valuable for eternity. The Bible seems to indicate two things go on forever from this earthly life- the Word of God and human souls.
Prayer: Lord, help me to value my soul- who I am- because you value me. Help me to have hope into eternity.
Identity is a big deal in our day- but it has always been that way.
In the West in the 60s and 70s people talked about trying "to find myself." Peter Jenkins has a great book about walking across America trying to find himself.
In older times, people talked about being "lost." Not lost physically, or emotionally, or socially, but spiritually. Tolkien reminds us that "not all who wander are lost." Yet, many who wander are also wondering and seeking for an answer to life and to why they are here and who they are.
Certainly the Bible gives an answer to who we are and why we are. We are all valuable and loved (according to the scriptures). We are not haphazard accidents of the universe, but made by a loving Creator. Scripture tells us we are made in His image. That alone makes us valuable and Genesis infers that means God cares for us and asks us at least not to kill each other- but also to respect (Jesus said anyone who says "you fool" has already committed murder in their heart- Mt. 5:22). We are valuable also because God loves us. We are the object of his love- the apple of his eye (Ps. 17:8; Prov. 7:2; Zech. 2:8). If God, as our father, siblings all are we- so we should love one another- our neighbor as ourselves. Christ also died for us out of love (1 Cor. 6:20, 7:23). If we appreciate His infinite-worth-sacrifice- the price of a life and a person is invaluable. Therefore we are invaluable. So: 1) His image; 2) His love; 3) His sacrifice means we are loved- along with "The Bible tells me so."
In our baptism, we are identified- given a name- and claimed as a part of His family. We are therefore called to remember who we are and whose we are. For Christians, we are all given special gifts, put in a special place at a certain time (Esther 4:14; Acts 17:26) to answer God's specific call (vocation) upon our lives. Our main goal is to glorify God and enjoy God forever. This is everyone's general calling.
Sometimes we can get distracted by stuff, by desires, by even good things (or misplaced loves). Not all that/who we love is good just because we love it/them. Jesus reminds us "what good is to gain the whole world and lose your soul?" (Mark 8:36). It is important to keep or fix our eyes on Jesus- the prize.
So don't forget who you are and whose you are. We are kept by God (Nbrs 6; salm 121). This not only means we are protected by God- that we don't get destroyed. It also means our identity or soul will not get destroyed. God's love for us (in general but also as a particular person) never fades or disappears. My next blog is about how our identity or soul goes on into eternity...
Prayer: Thank you that you have given me a reason to be and a reason to invest myself in you. Thank you that though all my earthly causes will crumble, my eternal value never does. Give me the grace to find not only my value but the value of others in you.