What was Jesus doing on Saturday?

  6)  The Cross as Descending into Hell (1 Peter 3:18-20; Colossians 1:18)

18For Christ also suffered once for sins, the righteous for the unrighteous, to bring you to God. He was put to death in the body but made alive in the Spirit. 19After being made alive,  he went and made proclamation to the imprisoned spirits— 20to those who were disobedient long ago when God waited patiently in the days of Noah while the ark was being built. (1 Peter 3:18-20)

8And being found in appearance as a man, He humbled Himself and became obedient to death— even death on a cross. 9Therefore God exalted Him to the highest place and gave Him the name above all names, 10that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, in heaven and on earth and under the earth,

11and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father. (Philippians 2:8-11) 

18And he is the head of the body, the church; he is the beginning and the firstborn from among the dead, so that in everything he might have the said, supremacy. 19For God was pleased to have all his fullness dwell in him, 20and through him to reconcile to himself all things, whether things on earth or things in heaven, by making peace through his blood, shed on the cross. (Colossians 1:18) 

7Now to each one of us grace has been given according to the measure of the gift of Christ. 8This is why it says: “When He ascended on high, He led captives away, and gave gifts to men.” 9What does “He ascended” mean, except that He also descendedc to the lower parts of the earth? 10He who descended is the very One who ascended above all the heavens, in order to fill all things. (Ephesians 4:7-10)

The death of Jesus Christ in each of the passages above is tied to the descent into hell (sometimes called "The Harrowing of Hell").  
Here is a bit of the thinking on the descent into hell: 
The idea of Christ's descent into hell is found in scripture (above) but also in the early church- Hipppolytus (c. 200AD)  said, "Therefore as many as Satan swallowed and bound, these the Lord, when he came, loosed from the bonds of death, having bound him who was strong against us, but having set humanity free." Origen (c. 220 AD) "First therefore he bound him at the cross, and thus he has entered his house, that is Hades (infernum), and from there "ascending on high, he led captivity captive."  By the fifth century it was seen as an important enough concept to add to the Apostles' Creed and confirmed in 750 AD.  But this is a bit of a strange concept.  What does it mean?  Here are two main ideas:
1) Christ went to hell after he died on the cross and proclaimed his death to those in hell.  Some say this meant A) the seal of those doomed there- like a proclamation (Luther/Hodges/1 Peter 4:6) and the conquering of the devil and evil; Some say it B) released the Old Testament saints who were in the realm of the dead until Christ came (Zwingli, Roman Catholic); Others that it C) emptied out hell entirely. 
The scriptures are a bit less specific here.  For those who think Christ emptied out hell, does that mean that he did that for eternity, or just for those who died before he descended.  It seems a stretch to think he eternally emptied out hell on Saturday- and nowhere in scripture or early tradition does it say this.  Certainly every knee can bow to the proclamation of Christ's death on the cross.  
2) Christ went through hell for us on the cross.  Hell is separation from God.  Jesus said, "My God, My God why have you forsaken me" (quoting Psalm 22).  He bore our sins in his death on the cross.  John Calvin interpreted his descent into hell in this way.  
3) Some say this is just meant to say that this is just a symbolic way of saying Jesus died and has victory over death and hell.  It is true that evil, death, the destruction of his crucifiers, hell and the devil are all conquered by the cross.  
4) Some say this just confirms the fact of his really being dead and buried.  So in the creed it says, "He was dead and buried, descended into hell."  While this is true, this alone misses the scriptural meanings above. 
5) Some traditions say he destroyed the power of hell and Satan/the devil.  (Acts of Pilate- 311 AD- "Satan, shaking and utterly terrified, spoke to his angels, "Bar the gates, for the Son of Man, God's champion, comes. He comes to lay waste to my Kingdom and devastate my realm. Do not let him pass for he shall take everything he can take, leaving us in ruin"."John 12:31; Col. 2:15

Whether you agree with Calvin that the death of Christ on the cross is "the descent into hell", certainly we can agree that the cross is where Christ bore our sins in his body on the tree (1 Peter 2:24).   He became the fulfillment of all the Old Testament sacrifices.  It is on the cross that the Lamb of God took away the sins of the world (John 1:29).  
The cross is a symbol, therefore of the taking away of our sins, and also the victory over evil (and the devil and hell).  The cross is a powerful symbol that good conquers over evil.  

Application: Our response to this should be gratitude and praise.  Christ went through hell for us so that we would not have to.  He paid our price with the infinite value of His death.  

Prayer: Thank you God for the cross of Christ- on which He paid my penalty of judgment and hell.  Thank you for your victory over death, destruction, evil, and hell that enables me to be free- in this life and the next.  

So what is my opinion?  My opinion is secondary to what the scripture says, and my desire is to submit my opinion to God (and thus God's Word).  In the 1950s the PCUS compiled a new (burgundy) hymnbook.  In the front it had the Apostles' Creed.  But because they couldn't understand "he descended into hell" and because the United Methodist Church omitted it and it was said to be a latter addition, they omitted it from the creed-without any authority from the church.  But just because we don't understand something doesn't mean we should omit it.  Part of saying the creed is to strive to believe what the church has agreed to believe.  
Jesus indeed did go through hell for us on the cross.  That is the most meaningful and universal application of this.  But also He truly died.  It seems that this is where God destroyed the power of the devil (He could not keep Jesus out), and preached his triumph to all those in hell already.  This is what it means when it says, "every knee shall bow in heaven, on earth and under the earth- and every tongue confess [even those in hell] that Jesus is Lord."   Hell is not destroyed here (see Rev. 20).  Nor are people in hell given a second chance.  The Reformation partly rebelled against the purgatory idea that is not found in canonical scripture.  We cannot pay, pray, or say our way out of hell for those who refused to be saved.   This life and our decisions in it are important and have to do with our eternal life.  We are given a chance up until the last breath.  Think about the thief on the cross who was told "Today you will be with me in paradise" by Christ.  It was not "Today you will descend into hell, I will meet you there and take you to heaven."  The ones who came before Jesus are not condemned to hell, or to sleep or to some quasi-hell.  Think about Lazarus and the rich man (Dives) in Luke 16. The rich man was carried to hell, the poor man to heaven.  This was before Jesus died, and he was giving a glimpse into how we are saved.  I understand those who say Jesus brought the Old Testament believers and other believers that lived before he came out of hell.  Certainly no one gets to heaven but by the grace of God found in the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus (which made all those Old Testament sacrifices real).  But Jesus doesn't need to physically descend into hell in order to do this.  When we die, our Maker decides where we go.  We will all stand before Him at the ultimate judgment to be declared innocent (by Christ's work, or guilty) at the end of time.  But Luke 16 implies that when we die we go to where we are destined.  Jesus descended into hell to declare He is Lord of heaven, earth, and under the earth.  No gates of hell can keep Him out.  He is God not just of 2/3 of existence.  But He is God of all.  It is not that the ruler is the ruler of all outside of prison and the prisoners rule the prisons.  Jesus is ruler of all.  His descent into hell proclaims Him Lord of all.  He is worthy of our worship.      

The Sabbath (7th day) was fulfilled when Jesus proclamation over death is completed.  Jesus was buried before the seventh day which was also the special holy day of Passover.  Jesus said himself that He is "Lord of the Sabbath."  "Sabbath" means "stop" or "rest."  It is a sign of peace- wholeness (shalom).  As God, He initiated the idea of Sabbath, but as the God-man, Jesus fulfilled the Sabbath rest.  Death is not the ultimate rest. The Sabbath is not the ultimate rest.  Christ's victory over death and hell and sin means ultimate peace with God, ultimate peace with others, and ultimate peace within ourselves.  Jesus' proclamation of victory in hell means there is nowhere that He is not Lord.  No evil can stop Him. No death can stop Him.  There is no more war- it is won.  While there are still fights going on, the surrender of hell has happened.  Jesus holds the keys to death and hell.  When we put our trust in Him, we can have peace.  We do not need to fear the power of evil.  We do not need to fear the power of death.  We do not need to fear the power of pain.  The Lamb of God who is slain has sacrificed Himself so we might have peace (rest) with God (Rev. 5:11-12- note "under the earth" is mentioned).  We know who wins in the end.  Thanks be to God who gives us the victory in Jesus Christ. He has descended onto earth, then descended into hell, and ascended into heaven.  He is God of all.  He is THE PRINCE OF PEACE.  

Good Friday Devotional on the Cross as Love

 https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/4804590506350529753/8306935298571643703

5) The Cross as a symbol of God's Love (John 3:16; John 15:13; Romans 5:8)

It is possible to sacrifice out of duty or a sense of law.  But the love of God seen in the cross is never in doubt. The sacrifice of Christ was not just His calling- but He did it out of love.  "For God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten (one and only) Son that whoever believes in Him should not perish but have everlasting life" (John 3:16)   God loved us so He sent His Son to die for us that might have life- and come to Him.  So when many see the sacrifice of Christ to get us to heaven they see the first proposition of that verse- God so loved us.
       For the last several years, this scenario has played out each year.  A father rescues his child from dangerous rip currents, but drowns himself in the effort.  June 20, 2023 47 year old Christopher Pierce of Alabama was able to save his daughter from the strong current in Panama City Beach, FL but in the effort gave himself.    The news said that this "serves as a reminder of the importance of heeding warnings."  But I think this misses the point, the father was willing to give himself out of love for his daughter.  He did not have to try to rescue his child.  We cannot miss the larger point that the cross was the willing sacrifice of Christ for us.  Matthew 26:53 records Jesus' saying, "Do you think I cannot call on my Father, and He will at once put at my disposal more than twelve legions of angels?" In other words, Jesus could have escaped- but He remained on the cross willingly.  He willed, out of love, His sacrifice for us. 
        The cross is an example of love- inspiring us to give of ourselves- to sacrifice for others.  Jesus spoke about loving your neighbor as yourself and even loving your enemies- but the cross embodied those words.  The words of love from Jesus were lived out on the cross.  He even said of those crucifying Him, "Father forgive them for they know not what they do."   Romans 5:8 says this clearly, "But God demonstrates His love for us in this: While we were still sinners, Christ died for us."  It is not that we have great knowledge of God and that saves us.  While we still sin, Christ's death still works for us.  It is not that we are good- therefore God saves us.  It is the grace of God that while we were yet sinners, He still came and died that we might have the opportunity to accept His gift of love and live.  
 "Herein is love, not that we loved God but that He loved us and gave Himself as a propitiation for our sins" (1 John 4:10).  
     Jesus Himself described His death on the cross as a gift of love: "Greater love has no one than this: that He lay down His life for His friends" (John 15:13).   Jesus saw his death not only as a ransom (Mark 10:45) but also a gift of love.  It is ironic that God could turn a terrible torture mechanism (the cross) into a symbol of His love. Most today, when they see the cross do not think of death but of life and the love of God.  The cross is the symbol of God's gift of unconditional love- offered to all people- irrespective of what you look like, what you have, where you live, or even what you have done.  It is a way to go from selfishness to love.  The love of God is the greatest gift- and it is made clear by the cross. 
      The question is will we leave that gift unopened?  Will we not see it or pretend it is irrelevant for me. Years ago I gave my children a trip to Disneyworld.  It scraped the bottom of the bank account to send them, but I wanted them to have that experience.  I put the note that they were going at the back of the Christmas tree.  The children looked at their Christmas gifts and were unimpressed.  But they didn't see the note wrapped as a gift in the back.  The greatest gift we could possibly have is God's love.  It means more than any trip, any thing.  He sent His Son because He cares about us.  But His Son's rescue out of love is the ultimate fulfilling of that love.  The offer of His love is not automatic- we must believe in order to receive it ("Whosoever believes in Him").  This is not mean or unfair.  On the contrary, to not appreciate the gift of God's love is indeed mean and unfair.  We should accept the gift and believe in the power of it to give us life.  Similarly, my children needed to believe that my note that was saying we were going to Disney was valid and would bring joy.  We are called to not take God's gift of love for granted but to love Him in return and to want others to know that love- made evident in the cross. 

Application: Accept the gift of love.  Ask God to make it real for you and to forgive you of your sins.  Look for ways to spread that love to others.  

Prayer: Your love, O Lord, has the power to change me and to change the world around me.  Help me to relish and cherish your love shown in the cross.  May your love inspire more love in me.  

What wondrous love is this, O my soul, O my soul. 
What wondrous love is this O my soul. 
What wondrous love is this that caused the Lord of bliss 
To bear the dreadful curse for my soul, for my soul
To bear the dreadful curse for my soul!

[The crucifixion Diego Velasquez 1632 Museo del Prado]

Anselm (d. 1109 Cur Deus Homo) was a great expounder of the cross as an example and means of the forgiveness of sins.  He expounded well the idea of the Old Testament sacrifice climaxed and fulfilled in Jesus.  John Leith rightly says that the church never let this alone be the meaning of the cross.  Abelard (1079-1142) found Anselm's view incomplete and legalistic.  John Leith said, "For Abelard, the work of Christ was not the bearing of our sins so much as it was a manifestation of the outgoing love of God, which lays hold of us and frees us from slavery to sin and wins for us the true liberty of children of God, so that we do all things out of love rather than fear" (Basic Christian Doctrine p.158).   Anselm is more profound...but without Abelard's view the view of the cross is not complete. "This is the truth of the old evangelical way of describing salvation as coming to know Jesus."  

The cross as love is sometimes scorned as being too mushy without the substance.  But the sacrifice of Christ is motivated by love.  The danger is to go to one-sided on this.  Grace without obedience is what Bonhoeffer called "cheap grace."  Paul in Romans 6:15 asks the rhetorical question, "What then?  Shall we sin because we are not under law but under grace?  By no means!... You have been set free from sin and have become slaves to righteousness." Love also elicits obedience.  Jesus said, "If you love me, you will do what I say." (John 14:15).  

Holy Week Devotional on the Meaning of the Cross

 This is an introduction to a Holy Week Devotional on the Meaning of the Cross: 

Click this link:  

https://crossmeaning.blogspot.com/2025/03/7-meanings-of-cross.html

 The cross is one of the most cherished symbols and most recognized symbols of Christianity.  The Red Cross is a universal symbol of help.  The cross is used to mark especially military graves as a reminder of the Christian hope given by the cross.  The power of the symbol is seen in its use in exorcisms or as a protective mechanism.  But wearing the cross is a form of identifying with the most famous person who died on it- Jesus the Christ.  The person of Christ is tied up in the important work that He did while on earth, and centralized upon the giving of Himself on the cross.  He spoke often and early in His ministry about His death as a ransom (Mark 10:45), as a sacrifice, as evidence of God's love (John 3:16-18).  There are multiple meanings- perhaps- if we believe each meaning is a matter of our perception or incorporation of it- then there are billions of facets of the purpose, definition and efficacy of the cross. 
     There have been many works about what actually happened on the cross (Amy Jill Levine "Witness at the Cross" or Jim Bishop's classic "The Day Christ Died" or even Raymond Brown's encyclopedic commentaries, or Max Lucado's illustrative "He Chose the Nails"  or "Six Hours One Friday").  In these senses- the cross is a reminder of the historicity of the death of Jesus.  Roman Senator and historian Tacitus, writing in 60AD speaks of "the surpreme peanlty" given to Christ under Pilate and Tiberius (Josephus, Thallus, Phlegon Lucian of Samsota all refer to Christ being killed on the cross).  But the focus on this work is on the biblical interpretations of the cross of Jesus Christ from the standpoint of Christian faith.   We can easily go down many rabbit trails and delve deep into different subjects.  Some focus on the "Seven Last Words of Jesus."  

But for this study we will look at seven New Testament meanings of the cross. 
The meanings are deep, varied, freeing, hopeful and inspire gratitude, following, and sacrificial love.  

1) Jesus an Example of Suffering (1 Peter 2:21-24) 
2) Jesus as our Ransom (Mark 10:45)
3) Jesus the Victorious King Over Death and Evil (Colossians 2:15; 1 Corinthians 15:57)
4) Jesus the Sacrificial Atoner for Our Sins on the Cross (Hebrews 10:10, Col. 2:14; 1 John 4:10)
5) The Cross as a symbol of God's Love (John 3:16; John 15:13; Romans 5:8)
6)  The Cross as Descending into Hell (1 Peter 3:16,17; Colossians 1:18)
7)  The Cross as the Way to God (1 Peter 1:18; 2 Corinthians 5:18-21)